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酸性鍍銅體系對陽極有什么特殊要求
www.cnxzzx.cn 化學鍍鎳--合航集團 2013-05-23 09:54
深圳電鍍廠資訊：
酸性(xing)鍍銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子(zi)主要靠銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常溶解(jie)(jie)來補(bu)充(chong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)一般(ban)電(dian)鍍中(zhong)(zhong)，為了避免雜質進入溶液而造成鍍液故障，常采(cai)(cai)用高(gao)純度的(de)(de)(de)金屬。在(zai)(zai)(zai)酸性(xing)鍍銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)若采(cai)(cai)用紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)作為陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)，由于(yu)其(qi)溶解(jie)(jie)是以一價(jia)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)形式進行，而鍍液中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主鹽和(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)陰極(ji)(ji)上還(huan)原的(de)(de)(de)是二價(jia)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子(zi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)，大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)一價(jia)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子(zi)將(jiang)由于(yu)歧化(hua)反(fan)應而生(sheng)出(chu)許多(duo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉，不(bu)僅使電(dian)鍍過程失(shi)去平(ping)衡(heng)，而且鍍層質量(liang)根本(ben)不(bu)能得(de)到保證。同(tong)時(shi)，快速(su)溶解(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)泥渣(zha)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)攪拌和(he)陰極(ji)(ji)移(yi)動的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，泥渣(zha)容(rong)易(yi)掉落而污染鍍液。這(zhe)種(zhong)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)雖(sui)然純度很(hen)高(gao)，但銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉嚴重(這(zhe)是由于(yu)晶間腐蝕而使陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)表面層分散成細顆粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong))，容(rong)易(yi)導致鍍層表面粗(cu)糙。研究表明：在(zai)(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)摻入少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)磷(lin)可使上述現(xian)象在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)大程度上受到抑(yi)制(zhi)。陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)含磷(lin)量(liang)以0．1％～0．6％為宜。在(zai)(zai)(zai)摻磷(lin)時(shi)要求均勻，最好采(cai)(cai)用鋼(gang)模(mo)澆鑄(zhu)，成型后的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)若能經過壓制(zhi)和(he)鍛打，則更為理想。
第一(yi)次應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)應進行表(biao)面(mian)刷洗，并放(fang)置在稀硫酸溶(rong)液中浸泡(pao)2～3h(防(fang)止浮銅(tong)粒子進入溶(rong)液)。掛入鍍粒后應保持陰、陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)面(mian)積(ji)比為l：3左(zuo)右，陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電流(liu)密度不應大于(yu)4A／dm2。正常(chang)溶(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)表(biao)面(mian)應有一(yi)層疏(shu)松的(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)色膜或者稠狀的(de)(de)(de)烏(wu)黑(hei)(hei)膜。若(ruo)抹去黑(hei)(hei)膜，陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)則(ze)露出(chu)冰花似的(de)(de)(de)結晶紋。
此(ci)外，還要考慮硫(liu)酸根(gen)濃度(du)對陽(yang)(yang)極溶(rong)解的影(ying)響。當溫度(du)較低和(he)硫(liu)酸根(gen)含量較高時，溶(rong)液中硫(liu)酸銅濃度(du)接近(jin)飽(bao)和(he)，陽(yang)(yang)極邊緣及下端(duan)可觀察(cha)到藍色(se)硫(liu)酸銅結晶，它將阻止電流通過(guo)，容易引起(qi)陽(yang)(yang)極鈍(dun)化。
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